Two student speakers selected for UW ECE Graduation
UW ECE is proud to announce that Khushbu Patel (MSECE ‘26) and Kathryn Fehme (BSECE ‘26) have been selected to speak at this year's Graduation Ceremony.
https://www.ee.washington.edu/spotlight/2026-graduation-student-speakers/
https://www.ee.washington.edu/spotlight/2026-nsf-grfp-anders-pearson/
UW ECE undergraduate Anders Pearson awarded NSF Graduate Research Fellowship
UW ECE undergraduate student Anders Pearson has been awarded a fellowship by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP). The NSF GRFP recognizes outstanding graduate students pursuing research-based degrees in STEM.
https://www.ee.washington.edu/spotlight/2026-graduation-jared-k-jordan/
Jared K. Jordan of Capital One to speak at UW ECE Graduation
UW ECE is proud to announce that alumnus Jared K. Jordan (BSEE ‘05) will serve as honored guest speaker for the UW ECE 2026 Graduation Ceremony. Jordan is a managing vice president at Capital One, a leading financial services corporation, and serves as head of Capital One Garage, the company’s innovation accelerator.
https://www.ee.washington.edu/spotlight/a-new-type-of-optical-chip/
UW research team creates a new type of optical chip
A research team led by UW ECE and Physics Professor Arka Majumdar has engineered a new type of optical microchip that is low power, electrically reconfigurable, and can be mass-produced. This programmable photonic integrated circuit could be used in a wide range of advanced technologies.
https://www.washington.edu/news/2026/04/13/qt3-quantum-computing-testbed-lab-dilution-fridge/
At quantum testbed lab, researchers across the UW probe ‘spooky’ mysteries of quantum phenomena
UW ECE Assistant Professor Max Parsons is featured in this UW News article about the Quantum Technologies Training and Testbed lab.
https://www.ee.washington.edu/spotlight/game-theory-neural-interface-design/
UW research team applies game theory to create a new framework for neural interface design
A research team led by UW ECE professors Amy Orsborn and Sam Burden has used game theory to create a new computational framework for neural interfaces that can adapt to the user — offering a new approach to improving human-machine interaction.
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UW ECE is proud to announce that Khushbu Patel (MSECE ‘26) and Kathryn Fehme (BSECE ‘26) have been selected to speak at this year's Graduation Ceremony.
UW ECE undergraduate Anders Pearson awarded NSF Graduate Research Fellowship
UW ECE undergraduate student Anders Pearson has been awarded a fellowship by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP). The NSF GRFP recognizes outstanding graduate students pursuing research-based degrees in STEM.
Jared K. Jordan of Capital One to speak at UW ECE Graduation
UW ECE is proud to announce that alumnus Jared K. Jordan (BSEE ‘05) will serve as honored guest speaker for the UW ECE 2026 Graduation Ceremony. Jordan is a managing vice president at Capital One, a leading financial services corporation, and serves as head of Capital One Garage, the company’s innovation accelerator.
UW research team creates a new type of optical chip
A research team led by UW ECE and Physics Professor Arka Majumdar has engineered a new type of optical microchip that is low power, electrically reconfigurable, and can be mass-produced. This programmable photonic integrated circuit could be used in a wide range of advanced technologies.
At quantum testbed lab, researchers across the UW probe ‘spooky’ mysteries of quantum phenomena
UW ECE Assistant Professor Max Parsons is featured in this UW News article about the Quantum Technologies Training and Testbed lab.
UW research team applies game theory to create a new framework for neural interface design
A research team led by UW ECE professors Amy Orsborn and Sam Burden has used game theory to create a new computational framework for neural interfaces that can adapt to the user — offering a new approach to improving human-machine interaction.
Khushbu Patel (MSECE '26), at left, and Kathryn Fehme (BSECE '26), at right, will speak at this year's Graduation Ceremony, which will take place in the Alaska Airlines Arena at Hec Edmundson Pavilion on Wednesday, June 10, from 7 to 9 p.m.[/caption]
UW ECE is proud to announce that in addition to UW ECE alumnus Jared K. Jordan (BSEE ‘05), two students have been selected to speak at our 2026 Graduation Ceremony. Khushbu Patel (MSECE ‘26) will offer remarks on behalf of graduate students, and Kathryn Fehme (BSECE ‘26) will represent undergraduates. Patel and Fehme were selected for this honor because of their academic achievements, extracurricular activities, and service to the Department. This year’s Graduation Ceremony will take place in the Alaska Airlines Arena at Hec Edmundson Pavilion on Wednesday, June 10, from 7 to 9 p.m. The event will be presided over by UW ECE Professor and Chair Eric Klavins.
“We have two outstanding students from our graduating class speaking at this year’s Graduation Ceremony,” Klavins said. “Khushbu has done exemplary work in our Professional Master’s program while working full-time in aerospace engineering. Kathryn has excelled academically and in her internships while gaining hands-on project experience here at UW ECE. I’m very much looking forward to hearing what they both have to say.”
Learn more about both students below:
Graduate student speaker
Khushbu Patel
(MSECE ‘26)
[caption id="attachment_41082" align="alignright" width="575"]
Khushbu Patel (MSECE '26)[/caption]
Khushbu Patel is graduating from UW ECE’s Professional Master’s Program in electrical and computer engineering. She pursued her degree while working as an engineering leader at Gravitics, an aerospace startup designing and manufacturing space station modules. There, she leads multidisciplinary teams developing onboard systems, such as avionics and flight software, for space station technologies.
She has worked across the space industry, bridging the gap between simulation and flight operations for complex systems. Her previous roles at Virgin Orbit and Relativity Space focused on high-fidelity test systems, vehicle software, launch vehicle avionics, and critical life support technologies.
Khushbu’s passion for space began at an early age, leading her to an internship at NASA Johnson Space Center, followed by studies in aerospace engineering and computational sciences at The University of Texas at Austin. She has since built a career dedicated to advancing humanity’s presence in space.
Beyond her technical work, Khushbu is passionate about mentorship. Through the UW ECE Industry Mentorship Program, Wired for Success, and For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology (FIRST) Robotics, she has mentored students pursuing engineering pathways, with a focus on encouraging young women in STEM. After graduating, Khushbu hopes to continue building technologies that push humanity forward while helping others see a place for themselves in engineering and beyond.
Undergraduate student speaker
Kathryn Fehme
(BSECE ‘26)
[caption id="attachment_41084" align="alignright" width="575"]
Kathryn Fehme (BSECE '26)[/caption]
Kathryn Fehme is graduating with a bachelor’s degree in electrical and computer engineering. As a child, Fehme dreamed of becoming an engineer, which inspired her passion for aerospace and technical innovation. During her time at UW ECE, she specialized in control systems and hardware through internships and hands-on engineering experience. Her senior capstone project, completed in partnership with General Dynamics, was designing and building a 3D drone simulator in MATLAB using advanced control system concepts.
Fehme’s experiences in aerospace and engineering leadership shaped her passion for solving complex technical challenges while building strong professional communities. After two internships with Boeing, she will continue her career in Boeing’s flight test sector, working on sensors and signal conditioning while pursuing a dual master’s degree focused on electrical engineering and engineering leadership.
Beyond her technical work, Fehme is dedicated to mentorship and creating opportunities for future engineers. Through the Society of Women Engineers, where she served in the UW student chapter as vice president of corporate relations, she mentored fellow students and helped connect aspiring engineers with industry professionals through professional development, recruitment, and networking opportunities. After graduation, Fehme plans to remain involved with SWE and continue mentoring students pursuing careers in STEM.
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UW ECE undergraduate student Anders Pearson has been awarded a fellowship by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP). The NSF GRFP recognizes and supports outstanding graduate students pursuing research-based master’s and doctoral degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics at accredited U.S. institutions.[/caption]
UW ECE is proud to announce that undergraduate student Anders Pearson has been awarded a fellowship by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP). The NSF GRFP recognizes and supports outstanding graduate students pursuing research-based master’s and doctoral degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics at accredited U.S. institutions. The fellowship provides a competitive annual stipend for three years, along with a cost-of-education allowance provided in partnership with the student’s institution.
Pearson is part of UW ECE’s Combined Bachelor of Science – Master of Science program, and is expected to earn his bachelor’s degree this spring before entering the Department’s master’s degree program in the fall.
“I am very honored to receive this award and thankful for those who helped me achieve it,” Pearson said. “I plan to take full advantage of this opportunity to explore ambitious research directions.”
Pearson is advised by UW ECE Professor Joshua Smith, who holds a joint appointment in the Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering. Smith leads several high-profile research efforts at the University, including work on wireless power transfer systems for lunar environments. In Smith’s Sensor Systems Laboratory, Pearson conducts research at the intersection of machine learning and wireless communication networks. This work is supported by Smith’s National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Early Stage Innovations grant, “Deep Contact Graph Routing for Lunar Operations.”
Specifically, Pearson is developing machine-learning-driven frameworks to model radio wave propagation in extreme environments, such as the surface of the moon. His research will support future NASA lunar surface missions and help enable more resilient wireless communication networks on Earth. He is lead author of an upcoming paper about this work and presented his research at the 2026 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP). As a graduate student under Smith’s supervision, Pearson plans to continue research related to 6G and non-terrestrial wireless communication networks.
“Anders is incredibly focused, productive, and creative,” Smith said. “The results he has already delivered as an undergraduate would be impressive for a doctoral student, so I can’t wait to see what he accomplishes in graduate school.”
To view all 2026 NSF GRFP recipients nationwide, visit the NSF GRFP website.
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UW ECE is proud to announce that alumnus Jared K. Jordan (BSEE ‘05) will serve as honored guest speaker for the UW ECE 2026 Graduation Ceremony, which will take place in the Hec Edmundson Pavilion on Wednesday, June 10, 2026, from 7 to 9 p.m. Jordan is a managing vice president at Capital One, a leading financial services corporation, and serves as head of Capital One Garage, the company’s innovation accelerator.[/caption]
The University of Washington Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering is proud to announce that alumnus Jared K. Jordan (BSEE ‘05) will serve as honored guest speaker for the UW ECE 2026 Graduation Ceremony. This year’s ceremony will take place in the Hec Edmundson Pavilion on Wednesday, June 10, 2026, from 7 to 9 p.m. The event will be presided over by UW ECE Professor and Chair Eric Klavins.
“We are excited to welcome Jared as our graduation speaker. He has built a distinguished career as an engineering leader across several top-tier companies,” Klavins said. “His work has impacted countless people around the world, and he is widely respected for his commitment to building and supporting diverse, inclusive teams. I very much look forward to hearing what he will share with our graduating class.”
Jordan is a managing vice president at Capital One, a leading financial services corporation, and serves as head of Capital One Garage, the company’s innovation accelerator. In this role, he leads multidisciplinary teams across engineering and product development to advance innovation in developer platforms, artificial intelligence labs, and customer experiences. His work is helping transform how Capital One delivers smarter, technology-driven solutions to millions of people worldwide.
Before joining Capital One, Jordan built a distinguished career leading engineering teams at renowned technology companies, such as Google, YouTube, Netflix, and Microsoft. At Google, he served as director of engineering for Gmail, where he helped shape AI-powered tools that changed how millions of people interact with email. At YouTube, he led the launch of Primetime Channels and developed features supporting live sports and on-demand streaming. While at Netflix, he drove global engineering initiatives that contributed to significant market growth. Earlier in his career at Microsoft, he developed and deployed business-wide solutions supporting company objectives.
Throughout his career, Jordan has been a champion of inclusive, high-impact engineering cultures that value diverse perspectives and approaches. He is actively involved in multicultural community initiatives and mentoring programs that support underrepresented groups in technology, helping to cultivate the next generation of technology leaders. His work reflects a deep commitment to mentorship, organizational excellence, and turning bold ideas into reality.
In addition to receiving his bachelor’s degree from UW ECE, Jordan is now pursuing a master’s degree in business administration from Cornell University’s Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management. Widely recognized as an outstanding leader, he is also a member of the UW College of Engineering Advisory Board.
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[post_content] => By Wayne Gillam / UW ECE News
[caption id="attachment_40966" align="alignright" width="600"]
A research team led by UW ECE and Physics Professor Arka Majumdar has engineered a new type of optical microchip that is low power, electrically reconfigurable, and can be mass-produced. This programmable photonic integrated circuit (closeup shown above) could be used in a wide range of applications, including information processing, sensing, imaging, and artificial intelligence. Photo by Jayita Dutta.[/caption]
As technology advances, and the demand for faster, higher-bandwidth, and more energy-efficient data processing continues to grow, scientists and engineers search for ways to improve electronic systems. One avenue they have been exploring is optoelectronics — the study and application of electronic devices that interface with light by detecting, emitting, or converting it into electrical signals. Optoelectronics offers significant advantages over conventional electronics, including faster speed, higher bandwidth, lower power consumption, and improved reliability.
One particularly promising direction in optoelectronics has been the development of the photonic integrated circuit — an optical microchip that uses light (photons) instead of electricity (electrons) to sense, process, and transmit information. These optical chips are already being used in many advanced technologies today, such as high-speed fiber-optic communications, data center interconnects, sensors for autonomous vehicles, and hardware accelerators for machine learning and artificial intelligence.
Despite these advantages, photonic integrated circuits present a major challenge: each optoelectronic application requires a separate photonic integrated circuit design, much like application-specific integrated circuits, or ASIC chips for conventional electronics. This lengthens the prototyping cycle and increases costs. As a result, engineers have been developing programmable photonic integrated circuits, which enable the circuit to be reconfigured by users after manufacturing to perform specific, customized computational and signal-processing tasks. This type of circuit is an optical counterpart to the more commonly known electronic field-programmable gate array, or FPGA, which is used in many of today’s high-performance and advanced technologies.
However, programmable photonic integrated circuits present their own challenges. Many consume significant power, occupy large physical footprints, and suffer from unwanted heat transfer in densely packed systems. High power demand arises because most optical chips require a constant flow of electricity, even during static operation. These limitations have slowed the adoption of programmable photonics beyond specialized research environments.
[caption id="attachment_40968" align="alignleft" width="450"]
UW ECE and Physics Professor Arka Majumdar (left) and UW ECE alumnus Rui Chen (Ph.D. ECE ‘25, right), who was the lead author of the Science Advances paper. Chen is a postdoctoral research associate in the Photonics Materials Lab at MIT, and he was a doctoral student in Majumdar’s lab when this research took place. Photo of Majumdar by Ryan Hoover / UW ECE.[/caption]
Now, as described in the journal Science Advances, a research team led by UW ECE and Physics Professor Arka Majumdar has engineered a new type of optical chip — a programmable photonic integrated circuit that is low power, electrically reconfigurable, and can be mass-produced. This programmable microchip addresses issues with device footprint and heat transfers by using phase change materials — a technology that consumes no static power. The chip has the potential to be applied in a wide range of technologies, including information processing, sensing, imaging, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.
“This optical chip could help to accelerate the prototyping cycle while reducing power consumption for applications like AI computing. Our study is also the first time someone has shown that these kinds of optical circuits can be controlled with electrical signals, reliably and very accurately,” said lead author and UW ECE alumnus Rui Chen (Ph.D. ECE ‘25). Chen is a postdoctoral research associate in the Photonics Materials Lab at MIT, and he was a doctoral student in Majumdar’s lab when the bulk of this research took place. He added, “We built our circuit using common foundry processes, which demonstrates the scalability of the system.”
Chen and Majumdar’s research team fabricated their chip in the Washington Nanofabrication Facility, on silicon wafers provided by Intel Corporation. Intel and the National Science Foundation’s Future of Semiconductors Program provided funding and support for the work, which took place over the last four years in Majumdar’s lab and at the WNF. Other team members included UW ECE doctoral students Andrew Tang, Jayita Dutta, and Virat Tara as well as UW alumni Julian Ye (BS Physics ‘25) and Zhuoran Fang (Ph.D. EE ‘23).
Low power, reconfigurable, scalable
A key advantage of the team’s optical chip is that it consumes substantially less power than its counterparts. It accomplishes this by using phase-change materials to store, process, and transmit data. Phase-change materials, which are used to house data on CDs and DVDs, can contain information in a stable, “nonvolatile” state, requiring little to no power to do so. Until now, the challenge with using phase-change materials in programmable photonic integrated circuits has been optical loss and data bit precision, but Majumdar and Chen’s team found ways to address both of those issues.
“Typical ways of building optical circuits require you to input constant power into your system. That’s problematic for a lot of applications that require reconfiguration of the circuit, such as artificial intelligence,” Chen said. “Here, we’ve created a system you can change and leave in place without any power supply, and it maintains its state by itself.”
This optical chip can also be reconfigured, or reprogrammed, by the user for multiple applications. Chen said he saw this chip as a platform for enabling a wide range of technologies, especially high-demand, complex computation applications, such as training neural networks in artificial intelligence. And because the research team has demonstrated the scalability of the circuit by fabricating it using conventional foundry processes, this chip is on a trajectory to move from the lab into the real world.
Looking ahead
This ongoing work highlights the growing role of UW ECE in advancing scalable optoelectronic technologies, but Chen noted that there is still more research and development to do before their optical chip will be ready for the marketplace. The UW and MIT are working together on this long-term effort, and Chen intends to continue his collaboration with Majumdar.
“An important next step is to test this optical chip in some real applications,” Chen said. “We’d like to put this circuit in application scenarios, such as AI computing, optical switches in data center infrastructure, and optical sensing.”
Another upcoming project will be for the team to build a larger-scale optoelectronic system containing the optical chip. This system will include the chip, an electrical control board, and automated algorithms. Chen said that he and Majumdar will also be working on increasing the speed and number of times the phase-change materials in the circuit can be switched from one state to another. This impacts the types of applications the chip might be a good fit for.
“This new optical chip provides a pretty powerful platform for the advancement of optoelectronics in the sense that it can promise a larger-scale system, it doesn’t need a complicated control scheme, and it doesn’t require static power,” Chen said. “Those factors, taken together, promise scalable optical systems, which eventually could lead to lower power consumption and reduced cost for many advanced applications and technologies coming online today.”
For more information about this research, read “NEO-PGA: Nonvolatile electro-optically programmable gate array” in Science Advances.
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[caption id="attachment_40646" align="alignright" width="600"]
A research team led by UW ECE professors Amy Orsborn and Sam Burden has applied game theory to create a new computational framework for designing neural interfaces that adapt to the user. Their work offers a new, principled approach to improving human-machine interaction. Shown above: An experiment participant uses their forearm muscle contractions, with help from a neural interface, to move a cursor (blue dot) toward a target (red dot) onscreen. Photo courtesy of Maneeshika Madduri.[/caption]
There is an exciting future on the horizon — one in which your thoughts could directly control electronic devices you use every day. In many ways, that future is already here, enabled by neural interfaces — engineered devices designed to exchange information with the body’s nervous system. From consumer wearables to clinical devices, electronics controlled by neural interfaces are making their way into the marketplace and medical practice. These technologies are demonstrating potential for augmenting, and even restoring, human capabilities in profound ways.
For example, electroencephalogram (EEG) headbands, such as Muse and Neurosity Crown, are being used to help people improve mental focus. Electromyography (EMG) wristbands, such as the Meta Neural Band and the Mudra Band for the Apple Watch, can enable hands-free control of electronic devices through subtle finger movements. And implantable neural interfaces, such as the Synchron Stenrode and Neuralink’s Telepathy chip, are allowing paralyzed patients to use neural impulses to control computers, digital devices, and robotic limbs.
But despite these remarkable advances, there is still much work to be done to optimize these technologies and make them useful for large numbers of people. One of the most significant barriers is that neural interfaces need to be customized to some degree for each individual user — because no two brains or bodies are exactly alike.
Customizing the control of a neural interface for the unique brain of each user is advantageous for ensuring desired outcomes and reliable performance. When considering the vast diversity of human nervous systems and the scale required for real-world deployment of this technology, it becomes clear how daunting this challenge can be for scientists and engineers.
To help address this challenge, UW ECE professors Amy Orsborn and Sam Burden are working together to build a strong foundation for engineers developing neural interfaces that can learn from and adapt to individual users.
“Before this study, we couldn’t design co-adaptive neural interfaces from any sort of principled approach. It was always ad hoc. But now, if engineers are designing a system where they anticipate learning on the part of the user and in the neural interface, they will have a framework they can use to design that system.”
— Amy Orsborn, Cherng Jia and Elizabeth Yun Hwang Professor in Electrical & Computer Engineering and Bioengineering
In a recent paper in Nature Machine Intelligence, Orsborn, Burden, and their research team describe a new computational framework for neural interface design that is based in large part on game theory, the mathematical study of strategic interactions among rational decision-makers. In this setting, the “decision-makers” are the human user and the adaptive algorithms embedded within the neural interface itself. And the “game” isn’t about competition — it’s about cooperation. Both the human user and the neural interface continually adjust their strategies, learning from each other to improve performance over time.
[caption id="attachment_40661" align="alignleft" width="600"]
Amy Orsborn (left), a Chern Jia and Elizabeth Yun Hwang Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Bioengineering and Sam Burden (right), a UW ECE associate professor. Photos by Ryan Hoover / UW ECE[/caption]
“This study is perhaps the first to bring game theory, and to a lesser extent, control theory, into neural engineering,” Orsborn said. “It’s one of a very small subset of studies that are trying to use those kinds of computational and mathematical frameworks for this setting.”
Orsborn is a well-known leader in the field of neural engineering, working at the intersection of engineering and neuroscience to develop therapeutic neural interfaces for restoration and rehabilitation of human sensorimotor capabilities. She is a Cherng Jia and Elizabeth Yun Hwang Professor in UW ECE and the UW Department of Bioengineering as well as a faculty member of the Center for Neurotechnology at the UW. She also serves as a scientific adviser for Meta Reality Labs.
Burden is a UW ECE associate professor known for his work discovering and formalizing principles of human sensorimotor control, focusing on applications in robotics, neural engineering, and human-AI interaction.
“The basic idea we had was that game theory could be the right computational framework to get predictions for what the outcome of interactions between the user and the neural interface might be and then be able to shape those outcomes toward a desired end state and better performance,” Burden said. “For example, in a rehabilitation setting, you could design a neural interface that elicits movement or muscle activity that otherwise might be hard to command or instruct somebody to do.”
Developing mathematical and computational frameworks for neural interface design is a long-term effort. Orsborn and Burden said they anticipate continuing this line of research for several years and widening their collaboration to involve other UW ECE faculty.
In this study, their research team was a cross-disciplinary group of UW graduate and undergraduate students. The group included the paper’s lead author and UW ECE alumna Maneeshika Madduri (Ph.D. ECE ‘24), who was a doctoral student at the time the research took place. UW ECE alumna Momona Yamagami (Ph.D. EE ‘22), also a doctoral student at the time of the study, co-authored the paper along with bioengineering doctoral student Si Jia Li and UW alumnus Sasha Burckhardt (B.S. in Neuroscience ‘23), who was an undergraduate student during the study. Orsborn and Burden were senior authors providing oversight and guidance for the research and experiments that took place in their labs.
From theory to practice — an experimental validation
[caption id="attachment_40649" align="alignright" width="600"]
In the research team's experiment, the participant wears a strip of EMG electrodes on their forearm, secured by tape. The electrodes record muscle activity and send this information to a data processor and an adaptive, algorithmic decoder. The decoder output determines cursor velocity that is then integrated into the system to display cursor position onscreen. Together, the EMG electrode strip, the data processor, and the algorithmic decoder make up the neural interface. Illustration provided by Maneeshika Madduri.[/caption]
Besides bringing game theory into neural engineering, another thing that made this study unique was the inclusion of an experiment that demonstrated and validated the computational framework developed by the research team. In the experiment, the human participant attempts to control a cursor and follow a target onscreen, using muscle contractions in their forearm. The participant wears a strip of EMG electrodes on the surface of their forearm skin, secured by tape. The electrodes record muscle activity and send this information to a data processor and an adaptive, algorithmic decoder. The decoder output determines cursor velocity that is then integrated into the system to display cursor position onscreen. Together, the EMG electrode strip, the data processor, and the algorithmic decoder make up the neural interface.
This experiment took place in a closed-loop system, considered as such because the human participant sees the cursor and target onscreen and converts what they see into neural signals that travel to their arm, resulting in muscle contractions and electrical signals from motor neurons in the forearm. Those signals are then picked up by the EMG electrodes and sent to the data processor and adaptive decoder, which then resets the cursor position onscreen, closing the information loop.
The neural interface was also considered to be co-adaptive. This is because both the human participant and the algorithms in the neural interface are learning and adapting alongside each other, seeking to accomplish the task and optimize performance together.
"We’re doing human-centered engineering, as opposed to just making a device and then requiring the user to adapt to it. Here, we’re making devices that adapt to you.” — UW ECE Associate Professor Sam Burden
This experiment validated the research team’s new computational framework for closed-loop, co-adaptive neural interfaces, allowing researchers to predict how algorithmic changes would impact the neural interface performance and revealing how various properties of the interface itself could shape or nudge user behavior toward better performance or preferred outcomes.
“Before this study, we couldn’t design co-adaptive neural interfaces from any sort of principled approach. It was always ad hoc,” Orsborn said. “But now, if engineers are designing a system where they anticipate learning on the part of the user and in the neural interface, they will have a framework they can use to design that system.”
What’s next for neural interfaces at UW ECE
[caption id="attachment_40651" align="alignright" width="600"]
A view of the EMG electrode strip used by the research team. Photo provided by Maneeshika Madduri.[/caption]
Next steps for Orsborn and Burden include continuing to build on the computational framework they have developed by testing more machine learning and AI algorithms that lead to distinct, measurable outcomes within the context of neural interface design. They also have discussed bringing AI into the system loop in a more substantive way to enable more intelligent customization of the user experience.
UW ECE has several faculty members who engage in neural engineering research, so Orsborn and Burden are already planning to bring their work on mathematical and computational frameworks for neural interface design to other collaborative projects within the Department. Burden is putting together projects and proposals with UW ECE professors Lillian Ratliff, Kim Ingraham, and Yiyue Luo to further develop these frameworks and apply the research to exoskeletons and wearable technologies. Orsborn is looking forward to building on her current collaboration with UW ECE Associate Professor Eli Shlizerman, who holds a joint appointment in applied mathematics. They are currently conducting studies modeling how a person’s brain changes while using a neural interface.
Orsborn and Burden both said that they were enthusiastic about what the future holds as they build out this body of research in collaborative ways.
“I’m really excited about the future directions that this research opens up — the possibility that we can design these systems to shape positive outcomes for people,” Orsborn said. “That has a huge range of potential applications, which are all very much new and to be explored in how useful or productive they will be, but that’s what gets me really excited because it opens a lot of new doors for exploration.”
Burden added, “I’d also like people to know that we’re doing human-centered engineering, as opposed to just making a device and then requiring the user to adapt to it. Here, we’re making devices that adapt to you.”
Learn more about this topic in the article, “Computational framework to predict and shape human-machine interactions in closed-loop, co-adaptive neural interfaces,” in the journal Nature Machine Intelligence. Research funding was provided by Meta Reality Labs Research and the National Science Foundation.
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[post_content] => [caption id="attachment_41079" align="alignright" width="575"] Khushbu Patel (MSECE '26), at left, and Kathryn Fehme (BSECE '26), at right, will speak at this year's Graduation Ceremony, which will take place in the Alaska Airlines Arena at Hec Edmundson Pavilion on Wednesday, June 10, from 7 to 9 p.m.[/caption]
UW ECE is proud to announce that in addition to UW ECE alumnus Jared K. Jordan (BSEE ‘05), two students have been selected to speak at our 2026 Graduation Ceremony. Khushbu Patel (MSECE ‘26) will offer remarks on behalf of graduate students, and Kathryn Fehme (BSECE ‘26) will represent undergraduates. Patel and Fehme were selected for this honor because of their academic achievements, extracurricular activities, and service to the Department. This year’s Graduation Ceremony will take place in the Alaska Airlines Arena at Hec Edmundson Pavilion on Wednesday, June 10, from 7 to 9 p.m. The event will be presided over by UW ECE Professor and Chair Eric Klavins.
“We have two outstanding students from our graduating class speaking at this year’s Graduation Ceremony,” Klavins said. “Khushbu has done exemplary work in our Professional Master’s program while working full-time in aerospace engineering. Kathryn has excelled academically and in her internships while gaining hands-on project experience here at UW ECE. I’m very much looking forward to hearing what they both have to say.”
Learn more about both students below:
Graduate student speaker
Khushbu Patel
(MSECE ‘26)
[caption id="attachment_41082" align="alignright" width="575"] Khushbu Patel (MSECE '26)[/caption]
Khushbu Patel is graduating from UW ECE’s Professional Master’s Program in electrical and computer engineering. She pursued her degree while working as an engineering leader at Gravitics, an aerospace startup designing and manufacturing space station modules. There, she leads multidisciplinary teams developing onboard systems, such as avionics and flight software, for space station technologies.
She has worked across the space industry, bridging the gap between simulation and flight operations for complex systems. Her previous roles at Virgin Orbit and Relativity Space focused on high-fidelity test systems, vehicle software, launch vehicle avionics, and critical life support technologies.
Khushbu’s passion for space began at an early age, leading her to an internship at NASA Johnson Space Center, followed by studies in aerospace engineering and computational sciences at The University of Texas at Austin. She has since built a career dedicated to advancing humanity’s presence in space.
Beyond her technical work, Khushbu is passionate about mentorship. Through the UW ECE Industry Mentorship Program, Wired for Success, and For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology (FIRST) Robotics, she has mentored students pursuing engineering pathways, with a focus on encouraging young women in STEM. After graduating, Khushbu hopes to continue building technologies that push humanity forward while helping others see a place for themselves in engineering and beyond.
Undergraduate student speaker
Kathryn Fehme
(BSECE ‘26)
[caption id="attachment_41084" align="alignright" width="575"] Kathryn Fehme (BSECE '26)[/caption]
Kathryn Fehme is graduating with a bachelor’s degree in electrical and computer engineering. As a child, Fehme dreamed of becoming an engineer, which inspired her passion for aerospace and technical innovation. During her time at UW ECE, she specialized in control systems and hardware through internships and hands-on engineering experience. Her senior capstone project, completed in partnership with General Dynamics, was designing and building a 3D drone simulator in MATLAB using advanced control system concepts.
Fehme’s experiences in aerospace and engineering leadership shaped her passion for solving complex technical challenges while building strong professional communities. After two internships with Boeing, she will continue her career in Boeing’s flight test sector, working on sensors and signal conditioning while pursuing a dual master’s degree focused on electrical engineering and engineering leadership.
Beyond her technical work, Fehme is dedicated to mentorship and creating opportunities for future engineers. Through the Society of Women Engineers, where she served in the UW student chapter as vice president of corporate relations, she mentored fellow students and helped connect aspiring engineers with industry professionals through professional development, recruitment, and networking opportunities. After graduation, Fehme plans to remain involved with SWE and continue mentoring students pursuing careers in STEM.
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[post_content] => [caption id="attachment_41079" align="alignright" width="575"] Khushbu Patel (MSECE '26), at left, and Kathryn Fehme (BSECE '26), at right, will speak at this year's Graduation Ceremony, which will take place in the Alaska Airlines Arena at Hec Edmundson Pavilion on Wednesday, June 10, from 7 to 9 p.m.[/caption]
UW ECE is proud to announce that in addition to UW ECE alumnus Jared K. Jordan (BSEE ‘05), two students have been selected to speak at our 2026 Graduation Ceremony. Khushbu Patel (MSECE ‘26) will offer remarks on behalf of graduate students, and Kathryn Fehme (BSECE ‘26) will represent undergraduates. Patel and Fehme were selected for this honor because of their academic achievements, extracurricular activities, and service to the Department. This year’s Graduation Ceremony will take place in the Alaska Airlines Arena at Hec Edmundson Pavilion on Wednesday, June 10, from 7 to 9 p.m. The event will be presided over by UW ECE Professor and Chair Eric Klavins.
“We have two outstanding students from our graduating class speaking at this year’s Graduation Ceremony,” Klavins said. “Khushbu has done exemplary work in our Professional Master’s program while working full-time in aerospace engineering. Kathryn has excelled academically and in her internships while gaining hands-on project experience here at UW ECE. I’m very much looking forward to hearing what they both have to say.”
Learn more about both students below:
Graduate student speaker
Khushbu Patel
(MSECE ‘26)
[caption id="attachment_41082" align="alignright" width="575"] Khushbu Patel (MSECE '26)[/caption]
Khushbu Patel is graduating from UW ECE’s Professional Master’s Program in electrical and computer engineering. She pursued her degree while working as an engineering leader at Gravitics, an aerospace startup designing and manufacturing space station modules. There, she leads multidisciplinary teams developing onboard systems, such as avionics and flight software, for space station technologies.
She has worked across the space industry, bridging the gap between simulation and flight operations for complex systems. Her previous roles at Virgin Orbit and Relativity Space focused on high-fidelity test systems, vehicle software, launch vehicle avionics, and critical life support technologies.
Khushbu’s passion for space began at an early age, leading her to an internship at NASA Johnson Space Center, followed by studies in aerospace engineering and computational sciences at The University of Texas at Austin. She has since built a career dedicated to advancing humanity’s presence in space.
Beyond her technical work, Khushbu is passionate about mentorship. Through the UW ECE Industry Mentorship Program, Wired for Success, and For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology (FIRST) Robotics, she has mentored students pursuing engineering pathways, with a focus on encouraging young women in STEM. After graduating, Khushbu hopes to continue building technologies that push humanity forward while helping others see a place for themselves in engineering and beyond.
Undergraduate student speaker
Kathryn Fehme
(BSECE ‘26)
[caption id="attachment_41084" align="alignright" width="575"] Kathryn Fehme (BSECE '26)[/caption]
Kathryn Fehme is graduating with a bachelor’s degree in electrical and computer engineering. As a child, Fehme dreamed of becoming an engineer, which inspired her passion for aerospace and technical innovation. During her time at UW ECE, she specialized in control systems and hardware through internships and hands-on engineering experience. Her senior capstone project, completed in partnership with General Dynamics, was designing and building a 3D drone simulator in MATLAB using advanced control system concepts.
Fehme’s experiences in aerospace and engineering leadership shaped her passion for solving complex technical challenges while building strong professional communities. After two internships with Boeing, she will continue her career in Boeing’s flight test sector, working on sensors and signal conditioning while pursuing a dual master’s degree focused on electrical engineering and engineering leadership.
Beyond her technical work, Fehme is dedicated to mentorship and creating opportunities for future engineers. Through the Society of Women Engineers, where she served in the UW student chapter as vice president of corporate relations, she mentored fellow students and helped connect aspiring engineers with industry professionals through professional development, recruitment, and networking opportunities. After graduation, Fehme plans to remain involved with SWE and continue mentoring students pursuing careers in STEM.
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[post_content] => [caption id="attachment_41029" align="alignright" width="550"] UW ECE undergraduate student Anders Pearson has been awarded a fellowship by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP). The NSF GRFP recognizes and supports outstanding graduate students pursuing research-based master’s and doctoral degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics at accredited U.S. institutions.[/caption]
UW ECE is proud to announce that undergraduate student Anders Pearson has been awarded a fellowship by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP). The NSF GRFP recognizes and supports outstanding graduate students pursuing research-based master’s and doctoral degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics at accredited U.S. institutions. The fellowship provides a competitive annual stipend for three years, along with a cost-of-education allowance provided in partnership with the student’s institution.
Pearson is part of UW ECE’s Combined Bachelor of Science – Master of Science program, and is expected to earn his bachelor’s degree this spring before entering the Department’s master’s degree program in the fall.
“I am very honored to receive this award and thankful for those who helped me achieve it,” Pearson said. “I plan to take full advantage of this opportunity to explore ambitious research directions.”
Pearson is advised by UW ECE Professor Joshua Smith, who holds a joint appointment in the Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering. Smith leads several high-profile research efforts at the University, including work on wireless power transfer systems for lunar environments. In Smith’s Sensor Systems Laboratory, Pearson conducts research at the intersection of machine learning and wireless communication networks. This work is supported by Smith’s National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Early Stage Innovations grant, “Deep Contact Graph Routing for Lunar Operations.”
Specifically, Pearson is developing machine-learning-driven frameworks to model radio wave propagation in extreme environments, such as the surface of the moon. His research will support future NASA lunar surface missions and help enable more resilient wireless communication networks on Earth. He is lead author of an upcoming paper about this work and presented his research at the 2026 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP). As a graduate student under Smith’s supervision, Pearson plans to continue research related to 6G and non-terrestrial wireless communication networks.
“Anders is incredibly focused, productive, and creative,” Smith said. “The results he has already delivered as an undergraduate would be impressive for a doctoral student, so I can’t wait to see what he accomplishes in graduate school.”
To view all 2026 NSF GRFP recipients nationwide, visit the NSF GRFP website.
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[post_content] => [caption id="attachment_41013" align="alignright" width="525"] UW ECE is proud to announce that alumnus Jared K. Jordan (BSEE ‘05) will serve as honored guest speaker for the UW ECE 2026 Graduation Ceremony, which will take place in the Hec Edmundson Pavilion on Wednesday, June 10, 2026, from 7 to 9 p.m. Jordan is a managing vice president at Capital One, a leading financial services corporation, and serves as head of Capital One Garage, the company’s innovation accelerator.[/caption]
The University of Washington Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering is proud to announce that alumnus Jared K. Jordan (BSEE ‘05) will serve as honored guest speaker for the UW ECE 2026 Graduation Ceremony. This year’s ceremony will take place in the Hec Edmundson Pavilion on Wednesday, June 10, 2026, from 7 to 9 p.m. The event will be presided over by UW ECE Professor and Chair Eric Klavins.
“We are excited to welcome Jared as our graduation speaker. He has built a distinguished career as an engineering leader across several top-tier companies,” Klavins said. “His work has impacted countless people around the world, and he is widely respected for his commitment to building and supporting diverse, inclusive teams. I very much look forward to hearing what he will share with our graduating class.”
Jordan is a managing vice president at Capital One, a leading financial services corporation, and serves as head of Capital One Garage, the company’s innovation accelerator. In this role, he leads multidisciplinary teams across engineering and product development to advance innovation in developer platforms, artificial intelligence labs, and customer experiences. His work is helping transform how Capital One delivers smarter, technology-driven solutions to millions of people worldwide.
Before joining Capital One, Jordan built a distinguished career leading engineering teams at renowned technology companies, such as Google, YouTube, Netflix, and Microsoft. At Google, he served as director of engineering for Gmail, where he helped shape AI-powered tools that changed how millions of people interact with email. At YouTube, he led the launch of Primetime Channels and developed features supporting live sports and on-demand streaming. While at Netflix, he drove global engineering initiatives that contributed to significant market growth. Earlier in his career at Microsoft, he developed and deployed business-wide solutions supporting company objectives.
Throughout his career, Jordan has been a champion of inclusive, high-impact engineering cultures that value diverse perspectives and approaches. He is actively involved in multicultural community initiatives and mentoring programs that support underrepresented groups in technology, helping to cultivate the next generation of technology leaders. His work reflects a deep commitment to mentorship, organizational excellence, and turning bold ideas into reality.
In addition to receiving his bachelor’s degree from UW ECE, Jordan is now pursuing a master’s degree in business administration from Cornell University’s Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management. Widely recognized as an outstanding leader, he is also a member of the UW College of Engineering Advisory Board.
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[post_content] => By Wayne Gillam / UW ECE News
[caption id="attachment_40966" align="alignright" width="600"] A research team led by UW ECE and Physics Professor Arka Majumdar has engineered a new type of optical microchip that is low power, electrically reconfigurable, and can be mass-produced. This programmable photonic integrated circuit (closeup shown above) could be used in a wide range of applications, including information processing, sensing, imaging, and artificial intelligence. Photo by Jayita Dutta.[/caption]
As technology advances, and the demand for faster, higher-bandwidth, and more energy-efficient data processing continues to grow, scientists and engineers search for ways to improve electronic systems. One avenue they have been exploring is optoelectronics — the study and application of electronic devices that interface with light by detecting, emitting, or converting it into electrical signals. Optoelectronics offers significant advantages over conventional electronics, including faster speed, higher bandwidth, lower power consumption, and improved reliability.
One particularly promising direction in optoelectronics has been the development of the photonic integrated circuit — an optical microchip that uses light (photons) instead of electricity (electrons) to sense, process, and transmit information. These optical chips are already being used in many advanced technologies today, such as high-speed fiber-optic communications, data center interconnects, sensors for autonomous vehicles, and hardware accelerators for machine learning and artificial intelligence.
Despite these advantages, photonic integrated circuits present a major challenge: each optoelectronic application requires a separate photonic integrated circuit design, much like application-specific integrated circuits, or ASIC chips for conventional electronics. This lengthens the prototyping cycle and increases costs. As a result, engineers have been developing programmable photonic integrated circuits, which enable the circuit to be reconfigured by users after manufacturing to perform specific, customized computational and signal-processing tasks. This type of circuit is an optical counterpart to the more commonly known electronic field-programmable gate array, or FPGA, which is used in many of today’s high-performance and advanced technologies.
However, programmable photonic integrated circuits present their own challenges. Many consume significant power, occupy large physical footprints, and suffer from unwanted heat transfer in densely packed systems. High power demand arises because most optical chips require a constant flow of electricity, even during static operation. These limitations have slowed the adoption of programmable photonics beyond specialized research environments.
[caption id="attachment_40968" align="alignleft" width="450"] UW ECE and Physics Professor Arka Majumdar (left) and UW ECE alumnus Rui Chen (Ph.D. ECE ‘25, right), who was the lead author of the Science Advances paper. Chen is a postdoctoral research associate in the Photonics Materials Lab at MIT, and he was a doctoral student in Majumdar’s lab when this research took place. Photo of Majumdar by Ryan Hoover / UW ECE.[/caption]
Now, as described in the journal Science Advances, a research team led by UW ECE and Physics Professor Arka Majumdar has engineered a new type of optical chip — a programmable photonic integrated circuit that is low power, electrically reconfigurable, and can be mass-produced. This programmable microchip addresses issues with device footprint and heat transfers by using phase change materials — a technology that consumes no static power. The chip has the potential to be applied in a wide range of technologies, including information processing, sensing, imaging, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.
“This optical chip could help to accelerate the prototyping cycle while reducing power consumption for applications like AI computing. Our study is also the first time someone has shown that these kinds of optical circuits can be controlled with electrical signals, reliably and very accurately,” said lead author and UW ECE alumnus Rui Chen (Ph.D. ECE ‘25). Chen is a postdoctoral research associate in the Photonics Materials Lab at MIT, and he was a doctoral student in Majumdar’s lab when the bulk of this research took place. He added, “We built our circuit using common foundry processes, which demonstrates the scalability of the system.”
Chen and Majumdar’s research team fabricated their chip in the Washington Nanofabrication Facility, on silicon wafers provided by Intel Corporation. Intel and the National Science Foundation’s Future of Semiconductors Program provided funding and support for the work, which took place over the last four years in Majumdar’s lab and at the WNF. Other team members included UW ECE doctoral students Andrew Tang, Jayita Dutta, and Virat Tara as well as UW alumni Julian Ye (BS Physics ‘25) and Zhuoran Fang (Ph.D. EE ‘23).
Low power, reconfigurable, scalable
A key advantage of the team’s optical chip is that it consumes substantially less power than its counterparts. It accomplishes this by using phase-change materials to store, process, and transmit data. Phase-change materials, which are used to house data on CDs and DVDs, can contain information in a stable, “nonvolatile” state, requiring little to no power to do so. Until now, the challenge with using phase-change materials in programmable photonic integrated circuits has been optical loss and data bit precision, but Majumdar and Chen’s team found ways to address both of those issues.
“Typical ways of building optical circuits require you to input constant power into your system. That’s problematic for a lot of applications that require reconfiguration of the circuit, such as artificial intelligence,” Chen said. “Here, we’ve created a system you can change and leave in place without any power supply, and it maintains its state by itself.”
This optical chip can also be reconfigured, or reprogrammed, by the user for multiple applications. Chen said he saw this chip as a platform for enabling a wide range of technologies, especially high-demand, complex computation applications, such as training neural networks in artificial intelligence. And because the research team has demonstrated the scalability of the circuit by fabricating it using conventional foundry processes, this chip is on a trajectory to move from the lab into the real world.
Looking ahead
This ongoing work highlights the growing role of UW ECE in advancing scalable optoelectronic technologies, but Chen noted that there is still more research and development to do before their optical chip will be ready for the marketplace. The UW and MIT are working together on this long-term effort, and Chen intends to continue his collaboration with Majumdar.
“An important next step is to test this optical chip in some real applications,” Chen said. “We’d like to put this circuit in application scenarios, such as AI computing, optical switches in data center infrastructure, and optical sensing.”
Another upcoming project will be for the team to build a larger-scale optoelectronic system containing the optical chip. This system will include the chip, an electrical control board, and automated algorithms. Chen said that he and Majumdar will also be working on increasing the speed and number of times the phase-change materials in the circuit can be switched from one state to another. This impacts the types of applications the chip might be a good fit for.
“This new optical chip provides a pretty powerful platform for the advancement of optoelectronics in the sense that it can promise a larger-scale system, it doesn’t need a complicated control scheme, and it doesn’t require static power,” Chen said. “Those factors, taken together, promise scalable optical systems, which eventually could lead to lower power consumption and reduced cost for many advanced applications and technologies coming online today.”
For more information about this research, read “NEO-PGA: Nonvolatile electro-optically programmable gate array” in Science Advances.
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[post_content] => By Wayne Gillam / UW ECE News
[caption id="attachment_40646" align="alignright" width="600"] A research team led by UW ECE professors Amy Orsborn and Sam Burden has applied game theory to create a new computational framework for designing neural interfaces that adapt to the user. Their work offers a new, principled approach to improving human-machine interaction. Shown above: An experiment participant uses their forearm muscle contractions, with help from a neural interface, to move a cursor (blue dot) toward a target (red dot) onscreen. Photo courtesy of Maneeshika Madduri.[/caption]
There is an exciting future on the horizon — one in which your thoughts could directly control electronic devices you use every day. In many ways, that future is already here, enabled by neural interfaces — engineered devices designed to exchange information with the body’s nervous system. From consumer wearables to clinical devices, electronics controlled by neural interfaces are making their way into the marketplace and medical practice. These technologies are demonstrating potential for augmenting, and even restoring, human capabilities in profound ways.
For example, electroencephalogram (EEG) headbands, such as Muse and Neurosity Crown, are being used to help people improve mental focus. Electromyography (EMG) wristbands, such as the Meta Neural Band and the Mudra Band for the Apple Watch, can enable hands-free control of electronic devices through subtle finger movements. And implantable neural interfaces, such as the Synchron Stenrode and Neuralink’s Telepathy chip, are allowing paralyzed patients to use neural impulses to control computers, digital devices, and robotic limbs.
But despite these remarkable advances, there is still much work to be done to optimize these technologies and make them useful for large numbers of people. One of the most significant barriers is that neural interfaces need to be customized to some degree for each individual user — because no two brains or bodies are exactly alike.
Customizing the control of a neural interface for the unique brain of each user is advantageous for ensuring desired outcomes and reliable performance. When considering the vast diversity of human nervous systems and the scale required for real-world deployment of this technology, it becomes clear how daunting this challenge can be for scientists and engineers.
To help address this challenge, UW ECE professors Amy Orsborn and Sam Burden are working together to build a strong foundation for engineers developing neural interfaces that can learn from and adapt to individual users.
“Before this study, we couldn’t design co-adaptive neural interfaces from any sort of principled approach. It was always ad hoc. But now, if engineers are designing a system where they anticipate learning on the part of the user and in the neural interface, they will have a framework they can use to design that system.”
— Amy Orsborn, Cherng Jia and Elizabeth Yun Hwang Professor in Electrical & Computer Engineering and Bioengineering
In a recent paper in Nature Machine Intelligence, Orsborn, Burden, and their research team describe a new computational framework for neural interface design that is based in large part on game theory, the mathematical study of strategic interactions among rational decision-makers. In this setting, the “decision-makers” are the human user and the adaptive algorithms embedded within the neural interface itself. And the “game” isn’t about competition — it’s about cooperation. Both the human user and the neural interface continually adjust their strategies, learning from each other to improve performance over time.
[caption id="attachment_40661" align="alignleft" width="600"] Amy Orsborn (left), a Chern Jia and Elizabeth Yun Hwang Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Bioengineering and Sam Burden (right), a UW ECE associate professor. Photos by Ryan Hoover / UW ECE[/caption]
“This study is perhaps the first to bring game theory, and to a lesser extent, control theory, into neural engineering,” Orsborn said. “It’s one of a very small subset of studies that are trying to use those kinds of computational and mathematical frameworks for this setting.”
Orsborn is a well-known leader in the field of neural engineering, working at the intersection of engineering and neuroscience to develop therapeutic neural interfaces for restoration and rehabilitation of human sensorimotor capabilities. She is a Cherng Jia and Elizabeth Yun Hwang Professor in UW ECE and the UW Department of Bioengineering as well as a faculty member of the Center for Neurotechnology at the UW. She also serves as a scientific adviser for Meta Reality Labs.
Burden is a UW ECE associate professor known for his work discovering and formalizing principles of human sensorimotor control, focusing on applications in robotics, neural engineering, and human-AI interaction.
“The basic idea we had was that game theory could be the right computational framework to get predictions for what the outcome of interactions between the user and the neural interface might be and then be able to shape those outcomes toward a desired end state and better performance,” Burden said. “For example, in a rehabilitation setting, you could design a neural interface that elicits movement or muscle activity that otherwise might be hard to command or instruct somebody to do.”
Developing mathematical and computational frameworks for neural interface design is a long-term effort. Orsborn and Burden said they anticipate continuing this line of research for several years and widening their collaboration to involve other UW ECE faculty.
In this study, their research team was a cross-disciplinary group of UW graduate and undergraduate students. The group included the paper’s lead author and UW ECE alumna Maneeshika Madduri (Ph.D. ECE ‘24), who was a doctoral student at the time the research took place. UW ECE alumna Momona Yamagami (Ph.D. EE ‘22), also a doctoral student at the time of the study, co-authored the paper along with bioengineering doctoral student Si Jia Li and UW alumnus Sasha Burckhardt (B.S. in Neuroscience ‘23), who was an undergraduate student during the study. Orsborn and Burden were senior authors providing oversight and guidance for the research and experiments that took place in their labs.
From theory to practice — an experimental validation
[caption id="attachment_40649" align="alignright" width="600"] In the research team's experiment, the participant wears a strip of EMG electrodes on their forearm, secured by tape. The electrodes record muscle activity and send this information to a data processor and an adaptive, algorithmic decoder. The decoder output determines cursor velocity that is then integrated into the system to display cursor position onscreen. Together, the EMG electrode strip, the data processor, and the algorithmic decoder make up the neural interface. Illustration provided by Maneeshika Madduri.[/caption]
Besides bringing game theory into neural engineering, another thing that made this study unique was the inclusion of an experiment that demonstrated and validated the computational framework developed by the research team. In the experiment, the human participant attempts to control a cursor and follow a target onscreen, using muscle contractions in their forearm. The participant wears a strip of EMG electrodes on the surface of their forearm skin, secured by tape. The electrodes record muscle activity and send this information to a data processor and an adaptive, algorithmic decoder. The decoder output determines cursor velocity that is then integrated into the system to display cursor position onscreen. Together, the EMG electrode strip, the data processor, and the algorithmic decoder make up the neural interface.
This experiment took place in a closed-loop system, considered as such because the human participant sees the cursor and target onscreen and converts what they see into neural signals that travel to their arm, resulting in muscle contractions and electrical signals from motor neurons in the forearm. Those signals are then picked up by the EMG electrodes and sent to the data processor and adaptive decoder, which then resets the cursor position onscreen, closing the information loop.
The neural interface was also considered to be co-adaptive. This is because both the human participant and the algorithms in the neural interface are learning and adapting alongside each other, seeking to accomplish the task and optimize performance together.
"We’re doing human-centered engineering, as opposed to just making a device and then requiring the user to adapt to it. Here, we’re making devices that adapt to you.” — UW ECE Associate Professor Sam Burden
This experiment validated the research team’s new computational framework for closed-loop, co-adaptive neural interfaces, allowing researchers to predict how algorithmic changes would impact the neural interface performance and revealing how various properties of the interface itself could shape or nudge user behavior toward better performance or preferred outcomes.
“Before this study, we couldn’t design co-adaptive neural interfaces from any sort of principled approach. It was always ad hoc,” Orsborn said. “But now, if engineers are designing a system where they anticipate learning on the part of the user and in the neural interface, they will have a framework they can use to design that system.”
What’s next for neural interfaces at UW ECE
[caption id="attachment_40651" align="alignright" width="600"] A view of the EMG electrode strip used by the research team. Photo provided by Maneeshika Madduri.[/caption]
Next steps for Orsborn and Burden include continuing to build on the computational framework they have developed by testing more machine learning and AI algorithms that lead to distinct, measurable outcomes within the context of neural interface design. They also have discussed bringing AI into the system loop in a more substantive way to enable more intelligent customization of the user experience.
UW ECE has several faculty members who engage in neural engineering research, so Orsborn and Burden are already planning to bring their work on mathematical and computational frameworks for neural interface design to other collaborative projects within the Department. Burden is putting together projects and proposals with UW ECE professors Lillian Ratliff, Kim Ingraham, and Yiyue Luo to further develop these frameworks and apply the research to exoskeletons and wearable technologies. Orsborn is looking forward to building on her current collaboration with UW ECE Associate Professor Eli Shlizerman, who holds a joint appointment in applied mathematics. They are currently conducting studies modeling how a person’s brain changes while using a neural interface.
Orsborn and Burden both said that they were enthusiastic about what the future holds as they build out this body of research in collaborative ways.
“I’m really excited about the future directions that this research opens up — the possibility that we can design these systems to shape positive outcomes for people,” Orsborn said. “That has a huge range of potential applications, which are all very much new and to be explored in how useful or productive they will be, but that’s what gets me really excited because it opens a lot of new doors for exploration.”
Burden added, “I’d also like people to know that we’re doing human-centered engineering, as opposed to just making a device and then requiring the user to adapt to it. Here, we’re making devices that adapt to you.”
Learn more about this topic in the article, “Computational framework to predict and shape human-machine interactions in closed-loop, co-adaptive neural interfaces,” in the journal Nature Machine Intelligence. Research funding was provided by Meta Reality Labs Research and the National Science Foundation.
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